Entries Tagged as 'Icebreaker'

The Sea Gives, the Sea Takes

[This post written 6/9/08; position: lat -57’49”, long -44’28”; temp -4C; wind chill -5C]

Adventures are creatures of extremes. Fittingly, we have had a day filled with highs and lows.

The sea was calm, and the winds light, and therefore I felt good. 🙂 After breakfast, I donned my many articles of clothing, stuffed a couple of handwarmers in my pockets, grabbed my camera and went out to 0 deck, where Steve Rock and his team were mounting and lowering the multi-beam sonar. If all went well (and it did!), this mechanical marvel would yield an image of the seven-eighths of the iceberg that lay hidden beneath the water. I snapped pictures for an hour, glad for the handwarmers, and then in a glorious instant, even gladder for the sun as it burst out from behind the clouds. Its warmth on my cheeks felt better than the most luxurious silk, the best cognac, the sweetest flowers. I stood there grinning like an idiot, and wouldn’t have traded places with anyone on earth. Strange as it may sound, those minutes were worth all the cold and dark. Odder still, they could not have happened at all without the cold and dark that came before them.

A short time later, Steve E. came down to get me, saying that they were going to try dropping the GPS beacons with the plane. So up a deck I went, to the helopad, where I spent another hour, took a quick break for lunch, and then went back for more while we waited for the sonar team to finish up, and Steve and Kim put the finishing touches on the plane. On deck, the wind was barely a whisper, and I watched, half mesmerized as we circumnavigated the iceberg again and again, sometimes in deep shade, sometimes in the buttery sunlight. What am I looking at, I thought? A huge chunk of ice in the broad ocean, but far more than that. An oasis of life. And a piece of the world no human being has ever touched or even seen before. The ship is a noisy, smelly, very human article, and standing on it, it’s easy to be consumed by it and lose track of what and where we really are — small, lucky creatures in a good place, surely one of the purest places on the planet.

As if to prove the point, just off the stern, the flukes of a whale appeared. Shortly, we saw that the whale was part of a pod, and for a tantalizing half hour, we watched them spout and dive. “Those are Southern Right whales,” said Adam Jenkins, who has spent more time in these parts than the rest of us and ought to know. “They’re rare — hunted nearly to extinction. We’re very lucky to see one.” A moment later someone shouted, “Hey, penguins!” Sure enough, a flock of penguins had joined the whale, fishing. I shot pictures one after another, but got nothing identifiable. Couldn’t tell what type of penguins they were. Maybe another day. That’s a beauty of this trip. There will be other days. Many!

Then the guys were ready to fly the plane. Kim started the little motor and warmed it up. Sunshine blazed along the flank of the iceberg. The wind was still behaving. As planned, Kim guided the plane through takeoff. Up it went, beautiful and bright against the iceberg and then the sky. When it got high enough, Kim transferred control to Steve E. who was stationed in the ship’s ice tower, the tall lookout used for finding a path through fields of ice. All went well. Then as Steve banked the plane to bring it back over the top of the iceberg, a control cable in one of the ailerons snapped, and suddenly the plane was in the water.

It was an awful wreck. The engine snapped off and sank on impact. The wing broke in half. See above as they pulled it in pieces from the water. Well…we have a second plane. And there will be other days.

Showering in a Subway Car

[This post written 6/7/08; position: lat -57’49”, long -44’28”; temp -5C; wind chill -24C]

My sea legs seem to have decided they want a vacation in the Bahamas. They are nowhere to be found today, so this one will be short. The sea is black and rough, and there’s a lot of wind out there, which is causing various problems for the scientists and engineers. But we have found our iceberg of dreams — see above. It’s a nice thick tabular berg, about 120 feet high and a couple of miles long, vaguely wedge-shaped when seen in map view. We determined this by sailing the ship around it and looking at the shape of our path, much as the ancient cartographers did — except we have a nice display screen and a computer to plot our path. Heh heh.

[Added later: This iceberg’s official “name” is SS-1. Icebergs are named by the National/ Naval Ice Center, a U.S. government interagency organization whose sole job is to keep track of the world’s large chunks of ice, presumably because ice is a constant navigational hazard for maritime traffic. Icebergs are given a letter name depending on the longitudinal quadrant where they are first sighted, followed by a sequential number. Normally, the letter in the name is A, B, C, or D. I haven’t yet figured out what SS means. It doesn’t seem to fit into the usual naming pattern. Still seeking the answer. Stay tuned!]

Steve E. managed to place some marker harpoons in the iceberg this afternoon using a shotgun-like device that launches the spears with a gunpowder cartridge. The kickback looks fearsome. I suspect his shoulder will be sore tomorrow. As I write this, we are taking water samples and John Helly is using a laser device to measure the iceberg. Tomorrow we will try to place a GPS tag on top of the berg using the airplane, if the wind dies down. And if it’s windy, we’ll use the backup plan of the giant slingshot. The guys procured a supply of small sandbags in Punta Arenas which they will use for practice before launching the real beacons, which are delicate and expensive. Don’t want to miss!

I managed to work out in the gym and then shower this morning before I got too sick. It is quite an experience. The gym workout is a double-whammy because you’re using all kinds of additional muscles just to keep your balance. As for the shower, imagine showering in a moving subway car. Well, okay, it’s more private than that, but you get the idea. It helps that the bathroom is tiny, which makes it possible to wedge yourself into corners fairly securely, but, ladies, forget shaving.

Phil, you’re right. Getting locked out could well be a matter of life and death in this environment. Walkie-talkies are a good idea. I will ask about that. Thanks for the suggestion. [Added later: See the note about this in my previous post. Problem solved!]

Okay, going back to bed.

Cities in a Fairytale

[This post written 6/6/08; position: lat -59’41”, long -53’27”; temperature -12C, wind chill -26C]

Now that the seasickness is gone, I seem to be coming down with a cold. My roommate picked one up on the airplane during our arduous journey south, so it’s not much wonder that it’s my turn now. I am armed with gan mao ling, my favorite cold remedy — a venerable concoction of Chinese herbs. So maybe I can keep it mild, and keep it from spreading further. Went gratefully to bed at about 9:00 last night, read Stan Robinson’s book Antarctica for a while (wonderful book, BTW), and eventually slept till 7:30 this morning.

See above. This is how the decks looked when we woke up. Truly Antarctic! The huge iceberg that filled our view last night was gone by this morning, replaced by a placid gray sea and more fog. Off and on all night, and all through the day today, we have traveled through the ice. The sound of it scraping against the hull is no longer new, though still occasionally startling, especially in the mess hall on 0 deck, which is down on the water. Periodically, we strike an ice floe, or “growler,” and the ship shudders briefly like a warm-blooded animal recoiling from the cold.

During the science meeting this morning, Ken Smith announced that none of the icebergs we have seen so far suits our purposes, so we are continuing our hunt. We have charted a course for the largest one we can see in the satellite images, one “A43K,” which unfortunately is a day’s travel north and east of us in the Scotia Sea. The ice we have seen so far is too thin to have ever been glacial ice. We are seeking ice from the continent, which should contain terrestrial material the effects of which we can measure.

So we have passed the day as best we can, each in our own way. The marine chemists on the Shaw/Twining team have been carefully acid washing all of their sampling equipment. Steve Rock’s sonar team has spent the day repairing the cables that were damaged in yesterday’s accident. The ROV team has been going over yesterday’s videos, which revealed more particulate matter than expected in the water, and many salps — a particular type of gelatinous sea creature. The airplane team took this opportunity to ground-test the plane and its controls to make sure everything works in these cold temperatures. (I tried my hand at the simulator until I had crashed it so many times it got mortifying.) And, of course, everyone is spending time in the mess hall. Meat loaf and mashed potatoes for lunch. So far, so good. 🙂

The decks are too icy for walking, but the sea was calm today, so I found an almost-large-enough space on the helo deck where I did some Tai Chi this morning. Hard to do in Sorrel boots, LOL! Then I climbed up to the bridge and took a few pictures. After lunch, I put on my cold weather gear and stepped out onto the control deck where I took the picture at top. As the sun peeked briefly through the clouds, far off on the horizon a line of icebergs shimmered like the white towers of a city in a fairytale. But they are not a city. They are ice and more ice, and we are very small and alone out here.

I chose that spot on the control deck because it is sheltered from the ice, and the hatch there is rarely dogged. A day or two ago I discovered that I am too short to reach the top dog on these hatches. What this means is that once they are closed, I can’t open them without help. If I am inside and want to go out, this is merely a nuisance. But if I am outside and want to come in, it becomes something a bit bigger. Today while I was out there, a diligent crew member dogged the hatch, and there I was, stranded in the sub-freezing weather. After a few minutes of pounding and shouting, I managed to raise someone who came and opened up for me. But I will have to work out a safer system for my forays outside. Alana, one of the engineers, suggested that I take some sort of tool out with me — a wrench, or a small pry bar, maybe. This appeals to me because it gives me more independence. But it’s probably better to take a person out there with me. [Added later: As soon as word got around, my hatch dog problem was quickly solved. First, Captain Mike showed me a hatch leading into the bridge which had a top dog I could easily reach. And Adam Jenkins, our Raytheon POC, showed me how to use the walky-talky he keeps in his office, which is usually available for anyone who needs it. Plus, LOL, now I know where the term “top dog” comes from.]

Ah, it’s snowing now. Dark and beautiful.

The Land of Ice

[This post written 6/5/08; position: lat -60’25”, long -55’13”; temperature -3C, wind chill -21C]

We have entered the land of icebergs, and it is peculiar indeed. Our first sight of them happened yesterday in the fog. Joanna ducked into our cabin and said, “There’s an iceberg out there. Come and see!” So I threw on some jackets and a hat, grabbed my camera, and went out for a look. It was morning, but the fog was so dense that it seemed to be twilight. A gray curtain hung just on the other side of the deck railing, and at first there was nothing to be discerned there. Then someone pointed and said, “Look, there’s a cave.” Ever so dimly through the murk, I made out a dark spot, and as I did so, the rest of the iceberg came into view as well, so close that it towered above us, monstrous. I don’t know how close we actually were. There are formulas for these things — some ratio based on the height of the iceberg, I think. And there is no doubt that we were a safe range away, knowing Captain Mike, who is impressive in his competence. Still, the shock of this thing looming up suddenly through the fog gave me chills. It certainly left me with more sympathy for the crew of the Titanic. Without radar, it would be easy to come upon an iceberg in the fog so quickly that nothing could be done to avert a crash. Apparently, seamen used to detect icebergs in the fog simply by watching the water. If waves from the ship’s wake seem to be going out and then coming back in, it’s because they are bouncing off of something…like an iceberg.

I have my sea legs, I think. It also helps that the water among the icebergs is calmer. The picture above was taken from the bridge at about 9:30 this morning. If you look hard, you can see Elephant Island in the distance, where Shackleton and his men first landed after leaving the Endurance. These are tabular icebergs — so flat because they were once part of an ice shelf. Though it may look like it, we are not in the pack ice. The small pieces of ice in the water are just pieces that have broken off from the big ones, or bits of “pancake ice” beginning to form as the water temperature cools down with the approach of winter. It is a strange thing traveling through this. You can hear the ice on the hull at times, a light scraping sound, like running a spoon through a half frozen drink.

Unless something has changed in the past couple of hours, we are still searching for an ideal iceberg to study. It must be big enough, and the water must be deep enough, and the water around it must be clear enough. There’s a lot of science happening today even so. Peering out my cabin window, I see that we are quite close to a large tabular iceberg that seems to fit all the desired parameters, so maybe we have found what we were looking for. The sun set some time ago (it is 3:30 p.m. now), so I will have to wait till tomorrow’s light to photograph it. It is eerie and beautiful, its edges catching the last faint rays of sun, its splits and crevasses dark, dark, dark. But in such low light, with the ship rocking, it will just be a smear if I try to photograph it now, even with a tripod.

First thing this morning, Steve Rock and his sonar team deployed their multi-beam echosounder, which they will eventually use to create imagery of the underwater portions of the icebergs. In a very close call, the pole mount slipped and fell and the device would have been lost if not for the safety line. A good illustration of the real need for hard hats on 0 deck, and of course, the need for safety lines! The picture to the left shows Ben Twining launching a “fish” water sampling device, which is lowered to the desired depth and then uses a motor to pump up a quantity of seawater. As I type, Bruce Robison and his team are launching the Phantom remotely operated vehicle for a test. Too cold and dark out for this reporter! I’ll take my cozy cabin, thank you. There’s a TV monitor above my head, and I can see them launching the ROV and hear them talking about how things are going. Quite nice. 🙂 But the sea looks very stirred up, and they are not having an easy time.

Orchardgirl asks how Tim and Ben know which nutrients are in the water to begin with and which have been added by Chaiten. At lunch yesterday, Tim explained that volcanic ash has some unique properties that make it easy to detect if it is present. I believe he said one of these is radon, but I will double check that because I don’t have it in my notes. But the gist of it is that volcanic ash contains some special elements that make for fairly easy identification. Plus, I believe they have samples of Chaiten ash, so they know what it contains and in what ratios. I will also try to find out whether they are testing the samples right here on the ship, or will wait till we get home to test it. I suspect they’ll test it here in one of the wet labs. [Added later: It isn’t radon. Also, Tim didn’t have all the equipment and materials he needed to test for Chaiten ash on the ship, so this will be done in his lab in South Carolina.]

I will ask Captain Mike tomorrow if he can tell me a little about why the NBP rides so high in the water. Another person who might know is Bruce Robison, who watched the ship being built in 1992. I have seen film clips of icebreakers at work, and it is a sight to behold. They are built to run up on top of the ice and crash down on it, breaking it. So maybe that has something to do with their riding high.

Well, I should get this mailed off for posting. Don’t worry about us. We are in good hands.

The Getting of Sea Legs

[Written on afternoon of 6/3/08. Position -58′ 0″ latitude and -56′ 0″ longitude. Temperature 1.1C

Ah, the getting of sea legs. The water turned rougher on Monday morning, and the Scopolomine, though I’m sure it’s helping, apparently has its limits. I have spent much of the past two days in bed. (See photo of my cabin.) The ship is rockin’ and rollin’ for sure, and for me, it’s much easier to tolerate if I’m horizontal. I apologize for the brevity of this post, but looking at a computer screen is kind of the kiss of death.

That said, it is beautiful out here. The slant of the sun is such that even at its highest, the light has the wonderful coppery tint of sunset. This morning we awoke to a light fog, which gave way to a triple rainbow as it burned off. (Though there is some disagreement as to whether this was a rainbow or a sunbow. I’m not certain what the difference is.)

Activities on the ship have been low-key since we got underway. Tim Shaw and Ben Twining have taken some water samples in an effort to determine whether ash from Chaiten volcano is present here, and if so, what types of nutrients it is adding. At yesterday’s science meeting (daily at 10:00 a.m.) Tim said, “We may be witnessing a massive natural experiment in ocean fertilization.”

Meanwhile, Steve Rock’s multi-beam echosounder (sonar) has been checked out and is working properly. The radio-controlled airplane team have been cleaning and repairing the plane, getting it ready for its vital mission, which will happen tomorrow, weather permitting. If the wind is higher than 15 mph, it’s a no-go.

And now, back to bed, hoping my sea legs will arrive in the night.

A Ship and a Star to Steer Her By

[Written on 06/01/08; posted 06/02/08.]

At last we are well and truly on our way. On Saturday, May 31, at about 2:00 in the afternoon, the Nathaniel B. Palmer left its berth in Punta Arenas, bound for the open sea. The night before, a large contingent from our group ate a last dinner on land at a restaurant whose name I can’t recall now. I ordered panqueque…now I can’t recall the word for this, either, but the translation is King crab crepes. They were the best I’ve ever eaten. And now I can see that, to do right by my readers, I had better go find the name of the restaurant and post it here. I confess I don’t have the oomph to do it just now, at the end of a long day, and full of Scopolamine. [Added later: The restaurant was Santori’s. The dish “Panqueque Centolla.”]

On the way back to the ship after dinner, we stopped in the main square to rub the toe of the Tierra del Fuegian at the foot of the statue of Magellan. Traditionally, seafarers about to head out into the treacherous waters of Cape Horn rub the toe of this statue for good luck. Like many a bronze appendage on many a statue in many a scattered place, it is burnished to a fine sheen by the passage of a million superstitious hands. The wind was strong and bitter cold. There was a storm far out on the Drake Passage. The old salts among us took this in stride, smiling at the rest of us, who nervously expressed our hopes for improving weather. But as Bruce Robison explained to us, the Southern Ocean is the only place on Earth where the wind can blow all the way around the globe without being stopped by anything, and the stretch of water between Cape Horn and the Antarctic Peninsula is the narrowest point through which this blast of frigid wind must pass. The weather is never very good here.

Nevertheless, we have had a fine day’s sailing. [Added later: It disturbs me to call it this, given that the NBP has nary a sail. But “a fine day’s steaming” won’t do either, given the NBP’s lack of steam engines. And “a fine day’s dieseling” is better left out.] Though the boat is definitely rocking, this is not the violent pounding I expected. This morning, Ken Smith announced the captain’s decision to make straight for the Coronation Islands, steering southeast, skirting the Drake Passage. So maybe that’s why the water’s calmer than any of us expected.

We paused last night for a safety drill, which hereabouts is a complicated matter. Consider: the temperature of the water is actually below freezing, the seas are often wild, and to be dunked in them without protection would kill an average human being within about 8 minutes. This conundrum is gotten around by providing each soul with a full survival suit made of foam insulation, which covers every inch of the body. The suit is one piece, fits over your feet, incorporates gloves, a hood, and an inflatable pillow to help keep your head afloat. There’s a light and a whistle. In addition, everyone has a life jacket, and we had to try these on as well. After that, we went to the lifeboats.

The NBP has three of these. Two are fully enclosed and hold 70 passengers each. The other is smaller and open, and its use would clearly be a desperation measure (though it’s probably larger than the boat Shackleton and Worseley sailed from Elephant Island). Inside, the seats are arrayed like those in a military transport — padded, and each with a full safety harness. According to the first mate, such boats bob around like corks, and the ride can be so rough that people get hurt if they’re not well strapped in. There are no windows and precious few lights. I have no doubt it would be nightmarish waiting inside one of those for help to come. Better by far than clinging to a raft in the open sea, though.

When the drill was over, the captain kept the ship stationery for another few hours so Steve Rock and his sonar team could test the pole-mounted multi-beam echosounder they will use to produce sonar images of the underwater portions of the icebergs.

I’ve been kept busy from morning till late at night talking with the scientists, taking photographs, and running up and down stairs. I’ve also had technical problems sending these messages and pictures home for posting. The NBP’s server was rejecting them as too large, even though I am supposed to be on an exception list allowing me to send larger then normal emails. It’s a good thing I’m getting exercise, because the gym is all in pieces and nothing works. I hope the crew will set it in order soon, or barring that, those of us who want to use it can put it back together again. When I’ve had time to myself, I’ve spent it brushing up on Photoshop, Camera RAW, and Bridge. There is much to learn.

And now, gratefully to bed in my snug bottom bunk. My roommate, Joanna O’Neill the sonar tech, who has been to sea many times, gave me first choice and recommended that I take the bottom. “Easier to get in and out in heavy seas,” she said. Which I would have been too naive to think of. She’s a marvel, and I am very lucky.